16 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Elevation == Decreased ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia High ... turnover • Acute blood ... loss • Hemolytic
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Blood Product Transfusions ... Transfusion Thresholds ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... High mortality.
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Blood Transfusion ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... High mortality. ... more likely to cause
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... glycosides • High ... dietary intake • Blood ... transfusion • ... of injection Decreased
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Diagnostic algorithm Decreased ... Potassium-rich diet • Blood ... transfusion • ... Tumor lysis/hemolysis ... Normal, Renin High
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology
ICH Management:
1. Manage Blood Pressure
  •
) because they increase ... consider platelet transfusion ... reduces CPP) • High ... = dilated BV = raises ... High ICP: 20.
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Diagnosis Framework High ... • High-altitude ... transfusion, sepsis ... mental status, decreased ... tidal volume, decreased
Chattering on ECMO
What is chattering? If you look closely at this video clip, the tubing is
pressure (which is high ... hypoxemia due to decreased ... potentially injure red blood ... cells and cause ... hemolysis.
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