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differential hyperkalemia potassium nephrology blood hematology management product reactions acanthocytes algorithm bite blister cabotrings classification codocytes dacrocytes dm2 drepanocytes echinocytes
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c == False Elevation == Decreased RBC turnover • Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Elevation == Decreased ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia High ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... High mortality. ... #diagnosis #management
Several artifacts can cause significant and potentially misleading alterations to measured RBC parameters: 1. Old samples
falsely high Hgb ... Hemolysis causes ... PCV to decrease ... PCV and MCV to decrease ... #Echinocytes #BurrCells
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... glycosides • High ... intake • Blood transfusion ... of injection Decreased
Blood Transfusion Reactions Immune Mediated: • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... High mortality. ... more likely to cause ... #diagnosis #management
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... diet • Blood transfusion ... • Tumor lysis/hemolysis ... Normal, Renin High
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework • Cellular Shift: - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Crush injury, Hemolysis ... #Causes #potassium ... #high
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework High Altitude Pulmonary Edema: • Accumulation
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework High ... • High-altitude ... massive blood transfusion ... #differential #diagnosis
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