10 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia High ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... glycosides • High ... intake • Blood transfusion ... of injection Decreased ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... diet • Blood transfusion ... • Tumor lysis/hemolysis ... #algorithm #nephrology
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... High mortality. ... #diagnosis #management
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Intravascular hemolysis ... , thalassemia, transfusion ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
to diarrhea, a high ... acidosis-induced decreased ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Prevalence: 1-2 cases ... , diaphoresis, high ... : • High index ... Oligoclonal bands • Normal ... activity, typically decreased
Pseudohyperkalemia vs Reverse Hyperkalemia

Pseudohyperkalemia and reverse pseudohyperkalemia are both conditions where potassium levels appear falsely elevated.

Pseudohyperkalemia:
This
• Hemolysis during ... Causes: • Seen ... levels with: • Hemolysis ... Hyperkalemia #Potassium #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis