29 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
: > 600 mOsm/kg ... mechanism ≤ 600 mOsm/kg ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyponatremia Correction
1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings
   - typically occurs with
Hyponatremia Correction ... Overcorrection of Hyponatremia ... Demyelination Syndrome ... in water @ 3cc/kg ... rate #management #nephrology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of Acute ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... Drugs • Toxins Acute ... #AKI #causes #Acute ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Acute Spinal Cord ... Anterior Cord Syndrome ... reflex. saddle anesthesia ... weakness and #Acute ... #orthopedics #neurology
Goals and limits for treatment of Hyponatremia Stratified by duration and risk of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome
Demyelination Syndrome ... (ODS) Acute Hypotonic ... saline at 1 mL/kg ... saline at 1 mL/kg ... Demyelination #Syndrome
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Polyneuropathy, Acute ... stroke, Acute spinal ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
casts are seen in acute ... necrosis Waxy and broad ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology