31 results
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... - Differential ... abuse/ withdrawal Anatomic ... Unilateral RAS Metabolic ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... the existence of hypertension ... suggests either secondary ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #nephrology #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... Hypomagnesemia - Hypertension ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis
The percentage of syncopal events secondary to arrhythmias or structural disease is generally
Syncope - Differential ... • ANS failure (primary ... , secondary) • ... Non-syncopal - 6% • Metabolic ... #diagnosis #causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... Kidney stones caused ... insipidus • Primary ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive ... High Al, Low R - Primary ... High Al, High R - Secondary ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Hypertension - ... Differential Diagnosis ... #Hypertension # ... #Workup #table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... Workup and Differential ... , including a diuretic ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... Hypothyroidism, Primary