29 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
• Symptoms of UTI ... and treat for UTI ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
Altered Mental Status - Differential Diagnosis
 • Neurologic: Stroke, Cerebral hypoxia, Cerebral hemorrhage, Seizure, Trauma, TBI,
Altered Mental Status ... Differential Diagnosis • Neurologic ... • Infectious: UTI ... BostonChiefs #Altered
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Common Patterns on Urinalysis
 - Prerenal
 - ATN
 - AIN
 -
ATN - AIN - UTI ... table #comparison #nephrology
Abnormally Colored Urine - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Red:
 - Hematuria, Hemoglobinuria, Myoglobinuria
 - Beets, Rhubarb, Blackberries, Artificial
Hypercalcemia, Pseudomonas UTI ... patients with UTI ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes of Altered ... Catheter + Alkaline UTI ... ochronosis) #Altered ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
disease, Pseudomonas UTI ... Bag Syndrome - UTI ... Serratia marcescens UTI ... Proteus mirabilis UTI ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Fever • UTI ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... urine volume): • UTI ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine (B1) Deficiency 
Clinical Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 out of 4):
out of 4): - Altered ... abnormalities (eg ... diagnosis #criteria #neurology
Locked-In Syndrome on Physical Exam

56 year-old male with acute onset altered sensorium. Suffered a cardiac arrest
with acute onset altered ... LockedIn #Syndrome #PhysicalExam ... clinical #video #neurology