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differential causes discoloration management algorithm color colored syndrome treatment abnormal altered blood encephalopathy gitelman hematuria hypokalemia intercellularshift k pathophysiology polyuria
Abnormally Colored Urine - Differential Diagnosis Framework Red: - Hematuria, Hemoglobinuria, Myoglobinuria - Beets, Rhubarb, Blackberries, Artificial
- Differential Diagnosis ... jaundice, Familial Hypercalcemia ... , Pseudomonas UTI ... patients with UTI ... #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... • Symptoms of UTI ... and treat for UTI ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis Turbid White Urine (Albinuria): • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
disease, Pseudomonas UTI ... Bag Syndrome - UTI ... Serratia marcescens UTI ... Proteus mirabilis UTI ... #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
- Differential Diagnosis ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... volume): • UTI ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Fever • UTI ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis Red Urine: • Medical conditions: bleeding, porphyria, factitious disorder • Meds: rifampin,
Urine Color - Differential ... Diagnosis Red Urine ... Medical conditions: UTI ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... discoloration #nephrology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color Red Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Causes of Altered Urine ... Purple (Purple Urine ... Catheter + Alkaline UTI ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Weakness - Dark urine ... hour with goal urine ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... lysis) ± Urine ... Cortisol+ACTH stim ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
• Headache • Seizures ... may precede the neurologic ... Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... • EEG: With persistent ... #management #neurology
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