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diagnosis differential urine discoloration algorithm color management abnormal aki altered blood clinical colored comparison crisis hematuria hyperkalemia k pisa pleurothotonus
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis ... • Symptoms of UTI ... and treat for UTI ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Common Patterns on Urinalysis - Prerenal - ATN - AIN -
Common Patterns on Urinalysis ... ATN - AIN - UTI ... EricsMedicalLectures/ #AKI #Urinalysis ... table #comparison #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Fever • UTI ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis Red Urine: • Medical conditions: bleeding, porphyria, factitious disorder • Meds: rifampin,
Urine: • Any cause ... dyes typically cause ... Medical conditions: UTI ... Differential #Diagnosis #urinalysis ... discoloration #nephrology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis Turbid White Urine (Albinuria): • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
disease, Pseudomonas UTI ... Bag Syndrome - UTI ... Serratia marcescens UTI ... Proteus mirabilis UTI ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
Causes of Polyuria ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... urine volume): • UTI ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color Red Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... Catheter + Alkaline UTI ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
Caused commonly ... by: - drugs (e.g ... neurodegenerative disorders (eg ... pleurothotonus #PhysicalExam ... #clinical #neurology
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 Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
heparinized tube) • ECG ... Peak T, flat P, ST ... Cortisol+ACTH stim ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Scleroderma Renal Crisis (SRC) Clinical Presentation of Scleroderma Renal Crisis: 1) Acute kidney injury 2) Abrupt onset of hypertension 3)
hypertension 3) Abnormal urinalysis ... other pathology (e.g ... (short-acting, e.g ... • Refractory cases ... #rheumatology #nephrology
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