8 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... tubular cells - Acute ... protein indicating acute ... - Some crystals ... disorders or excreted medications
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Urinary casts ... Acute Kidney Injury ... Acute Tubular Necrosis ... #Urinalysis #crystals ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Medications causing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration: Diuretics
 • Altered intrarenal autoregulation: ACEIs / ARBs,
Medications causing ... Acute Kidney Injury ... Bactrim), NSAIDs • Crystal ... Kidney #Injury #Medications ... #Drugs #pharmacology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... , crystals, protein
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
urine Cl; • ... urine Cl; • ... Na/Cl ~1. ... Other medications ... continued in most cases
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... caused by Ca2+ crystals ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Hydroxychloroquine - Risks and Benefits in Lupus
Benefits:
↓ Disease activity, ↓ Flare, ↓ Damage, ↓ Corticosteroid dose,
recommended with other medications ... rare with ~100 cases ... - Cuteanous: acute ... Benefits #Lupus #pharmacology
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management
Methanol intoxication:
 • Accidental or intentional ingestion of adulterated
methanol; rare cases ... Calcium oxalate crystals ... in urine, monohydrate ... of contaminated medication ... administration of medication