23 results
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion ... +, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl ... electrolytes #effects #pharmacology ... #comparison #table
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA
NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+
NH4+ is excreted
Urine Anion Gap ... NAGMA NA + K - Cl ... surrogate for Urine ... excreted with Cl ... when urinary NH4+ excretion
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... Crystals Uric Acid ... crystals: - Formation ... promoted by acidic urine ... #comparison #table
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... result of increased excretion ... result of increased excretion ... chloride due to the excretion
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
corresponding urine ... Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine ... Kidney #Stones #Crystals ... Composition #Shapes #Table
Gout: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 - Conditions of rapid cell turnover: hemolysis, psoriasis, lymphoproliferative disorders
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uric acid for excretion ... in urine, excretion ... phagocytose the crystal ... Needle-shaped uric acid crystals
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
straight segments - Secretion ... filtered Na+/K+/Cl ... filtered Na+ and Cl ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table ... #Pharmacology
IV Fluids - Comparison Table
Fluid - pH - Osm - Na - Cl - Other
 •
Fluids - Comparison Table ... pH - Osm - Na - Cl ... IVF #Comparison #Table ... #pharmacology #
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... exclusively on urine ... Microscopic exam • Crystals ... Fractional excretion ... #Urinalysis #crystals
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... the nephron by excretion ... -promote water excretion ... #Diuretics #Pharmacology