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Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
(CES) is usually ... and/or genital sensory ... - Emergency Causes ... : • Spinal cord ... • Transverse myelitis
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)
(aka: Landry–Guillain–Barré–Strohl syndrome:
	Most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis
	Rapidly progressive ascending paralysis & areflexia
	Autonomic
 Most common cause ... moves rapidly from lower ... Differential diagnosis ... Multiple Sclerosis: CNS ...  Transverse myelitis
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential Diagnosis ... Causes: 1. ... - Transverse myelitis ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... , lower extremity
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Commonly caused ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... #motor #leg #physicalexam
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Upper Extremity ... Triceps power is ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... #neurology #sensory ... #motor #arm #physicalexam
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
- Differential Diagnosis ... cyanosis - Cool extremity ... #differential #diagnosis ... #lower #extremity ... #msk #physicalexam
Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions are lesions occurring anywhere in the CNS from the brain up
anywhere in the CNS ... Lower motor neuron ... the differential diagnosis ... LMN syndromes are ... hyporeflexia without sensory
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Treat underlying cause ... replacement Cord ... compression: - Lower-extremity ... 100 000 (can be lower ... Oncology #HemeOnc #Diagnosis