21 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... , Acute spinal cord ... finding in spinal cord ... Hyperreflexia #Testing ... #diagnosis #table
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Artery Disease • Stable ... • Asthma • COPD ... Pneumonia • ARDS • COPD
Cardiac Stress Testing
Exercise:
 • Everyone who can exercise should!
 • They must be able to raise
Cardiac Stress Testing ... • They must be able ... production to cause ... pts with severe COPD ... CT/MRI ($$$$) CORE
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Causes of Extravascular ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Warm AIHA • Cold ... Complement-Mediated • Cold ... #Causes #Hematology
Cold Urticaria
Prevalence - 0.05% in the population
Disease onset - Mostly 2nd to 4th decades of life
Causes
Cold Urticaria Prevalence ... decades of life Causes ... skin contact with cold ... minutes after the cold ... #table
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
e.g. pneumonia, COPD ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Agglutination - Cold ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #workup #hematology ... #testing
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... glands • Salt wasting ... infants with "salt wasting ... Late (shock): cold ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... transfusion • Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #comparison ... #table
Erythemas Summarized
Erythema ab igne
 • A dermatosis that results from repeated exposure to heat (fires, heating
to heat (fires, heating ... including the word ... PrathitKulkarni #Erythemas #comparison ... #table #differential ... #diagnosis #dermatology