2241 results
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... heart failure #Calculi ... Renal #stones #differential ... diagnosis #causes #calculus
Causes of Gallbladder Wall Thickening
Primary Wall Thickening:
1 . Acute calculous cholecystitis
2. Acute acalculous cholecystitis
3. Chronic cholecystitis
4.
Acute calculous ... Acute acalculous ... Thickening #Causes #differential
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
of Hematuria - Differential ... or other tumor, Calculi ... - Malignancy, Calculi ... Schistomiasis, Malignancy, Calculi ... hematuria #Hematuria #Differential
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... Painful: suggests calculi ... #Macroscopic #Differential
Pediatric Causes of Abdominal Pain

Surgical:
 - Acute appendicitis 
 - Intestinal obstruction including intussusception 
 -
• renal calculus ... Pediatrics #Causes #Differential
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
of Hematuria - Differential ... Tubulolnterstitial • Calculi ... • BPH • Calculi ... #Hematuria #Differential
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
POST-RENAL Urinary calculi ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Kidney Injury AKI - Differential ... OBSTRUCTIVE • Urinary calculi ... #KidneyInjury #Differential
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
Increased Urination - Differential ... incontinence, Bladder calculi ... Increased #Urination #Differential
Delayed Fracture Healing - Non-Union - Malunion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Inflammation (Hours-Days) -> Soft Callus (Days-Weeks)
Non-Union - Malunion - Differential ... Hours-Days) -> Soft Callus ... Days-Weeks) -> Hard Callus ... Malunion #MSK #Differential