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diagnosis algorithm hypokalemia potassium alkalosis metabolic associated calculi calculus chloride comatose dementia hand hiv hyponatremia hypotonic management neurocognitive physicalexam physiologic
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Diuretics (late) • High ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hypertensive: • High ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... , Gitelman syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
mmol creatinine) High ... EABV, High Plasma ... piperacillin • High ... , Gitelman syndrome ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... K+: • Tissue injury ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... glycosides • High ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Renal tubular acidosis ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... - Antiviral treatment ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
, Gitelman syndrome ... to diarrhea, a high ... high in kidney ... , a high urine chloride ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Magnesium depletion High ... renin, High aldosterone ... renin, High aldosterone ... #Nephrology #Differential
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