14 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... mimics, repeat testing ... → Refer to Nephrology ... → CT urography and ... Hematuria #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Estimated Medical Radiation Doses for 5 Year-Old Child

3-view ankle	0.0015 mSv	1/14th CXRs
2-view chest	0.02 mSv	1 CXRs
Anteroposterior and lateral
50 CXRs Head CT ... Doses #Imaging #ChestXRay ... #Comparison #Table ... #Risks #Testing ... #Study #Peds #Pediatrics
Radiation Dose to Adults from Common Imaging Examinations
ABDOMINAL REGION
 - Computed Tomography (CT) — Abdomen and
years - Upper GI Study ... Doses #Imaging #ChestXRay ... #Comparison #Table ... #Risks #Testing ... #Study
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... present on repeat testing ... including overnight testing ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Acid → renal salt wasting ... #nephrology #sodium
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephrotic #Syndrome #Comparison ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... → Increased urine ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis #nephrology ... #hyponatremia #comparison
How much radiation is used in paediatric radiology examinations compared to other exposures?

Estimated dose - Days
months Chest CT ... Doses #Imaging #ChestXRay ... #Comparison #Table ... #Risks #Testing ... #Study #Peds #Pediatrics
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... Cerebral salt wasting ... uric acid >4 • Urine ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... differentiating kidney K wasting ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... differential #potassium #nephrology