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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) - Differential Diagnosis Table

Warm AIHA (48-70%)
Cold AHA (16-32%)
 • Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Differential Diagnosis Table ... Cold Agglutinin Disease ... #Hemolytic #Anemia ... #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Immune-mediated: - Autoimmune ... idiopathic) - Autoimmune ... cold agglutin disease ... e.g. sickle cell disease ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment
Warm AIHA:
1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily
   • Until
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... > 10, no more hemolysis ... esp if severe disease ... BrighamMedRes #AIHA #Autoimmune ... Treatment #management #hematology
Expected DAT Results in Autoimmune Hemolysis
DAT Negative Hemolysis
 • DAT Poly ( - ), IgG (
DAT Results in Autoimmune ... Hemolysis DAT ... Cold agglutinin disease ... antiglobulin #test #DAT #Autoimmune ... #Hemolysis #hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... elliptocytosis, autoimmune ... hemolysis) ARUPConsult ... @ARUPLabs #Hemolytic ... Algorithm #workup #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Viral infection, autoimmune ... (Cold-induced symptoms ... CLL (older) • Autoimmune ... #hemolytic #anemia ... #hematology #diagnosis
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Microangiopathic hemolytic ... Microspherocytes: Autoimmune ... hemolytic anemia ... cells: Sickle cell disease ... Smear #Analysis #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
spherocytosis, Autoimmune ... hemolytic anemia ... Agglutinate: Cold autoimmune ... hemolytic anemia ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Autoantibodies and their Disease Associations
ANA - Non-specific; common in SLE, autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-CCP, Rheumatoid factor - RA
Anti-dsDNA
Autoantibodies and their Disease ... common in SLE, autoimmune ... microsomal) - Autoimmune ... #diagnosis #table ... #rheumatology #
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
-100): • Non-hemolytic ... anemia, CKD • Hemolytic ... - Extrinsic: Autoimmune ... Non-megaloblastic: Liver disease ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology