71 results
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
StressFractures #msk #orthopedics ... #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... : Commonly no signs ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... pituitary can also ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
erythematosus (SLE) Signs ... / Symptoms: - ... Sjogrens #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Cortisol Deficiency: Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... skin might be a clue ... endocrinology #diagnosis #signs
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
onto lateral hip Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
compromise Clinical Signs ... /Symptoms: • Usually ... be present or signs ... Pathophysiology: ... Coli, but can also
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
pre-determined etiology Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... TendonRupture #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #pathophysiology ... #msk #orthopedics
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
T lymphocytes also ... the etiology Signs ... /Symptoms: - Pretibial ... GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... #signs #diagnosis