9 results
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
; BOO (tumour, stone ... leakage with sudden increase ... tone of vesicoureteral ... - Failure to Store ... SUI or UUI not caused
Increased Urinary Frequency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Non-increased urine volume (<2mL/min), Rule out polyuria
Extrinsic to Urinary Tract:
Increased Urinary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Non-increased ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... carcinoma - Stone ... stone • ... #Causes #Urology
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... : • Urinary tract ... Hypercalciuria: • Increased ... #Causes
Causes of Neutrophilia - Increased Neutrophils - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Infection
 • Bacterial
 • Abscess
 • Viral
Medications
Causes of Neutrophilia ... - Increased Neutrophils ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Lung, Bladder, Colon ... #Causes #Hematology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine can induce color ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... Hematuria: • Stone ... stones/polyps ... Upper and Lower urinary
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... phosphate esters - Increased ... Intestine - Other causes ... - Drugs - Primary ... duct stricture/Stones
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
disturbance • Bladder ... - Emergency Causes ... palpation of the bladder ... for urinary retention ... rectal tone or
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
bladder continence ... Cauda equina- decreased ... muscle tone, areflexia ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... differential #algorithm