22 results
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
kidney injury (AKI ... different anatomic components ... of the kidney ( ... Diagnosis #AKI #Acute #Kidney ... #Sites #Nephrology
NSAID vs ACEI/ARB effects on the Kidneys

Remember that NSAIDs and ACEI/ARB therapy have opposing effects on
effects on the Kidneys ... NSAIDs cause vasoconstriction ... use shouldn't cause ... ACEIARB #Effects #Nephrology ... #Renal #Pathophysiology
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
Loop Diuretics (e.g ... 4) Thiazides (e.g ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron ... #SiteOfAction #Kidney
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
effects on the Kidney ... - Pathophysiology ... loop and distal component ... KidneyDisease #nephrology ... #Effects #pathophysiology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Acute Kidney Injury ... primarily related to kidney ... NephroP #AKI #causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Approach to Acute Kidney ... dialysis indication (e.g ... require urgent nephrology ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Acellular Casts ... acute and chronic kidney ... colored compounds (e.g ... Urine #Microscopy #nephrology ... #interpretation
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
intoxication Cause ... unloading • Kidney ... Cl⁻ with other components ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Pathophysiology: ... Exclude other AKI causes ... IV albumin (1 g/kg ... liver insult (e.g ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... concentration (e.g ... >50% - Proper kidney ... - Unresponsive Kidney ... #Polyuria #Nephrology