10 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) Diagnosis Algorithm
Bubble echo is the first piece of the puzzle. The nail on
Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome (HPS) Diagnosis ... the dx is an A-a gradient ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #hepatology #pulmonary
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome (HPS) ... Pulmonary vasculature ... Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient ... #Syndrome #HPS
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... AVMs, Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome - ... #differential #diagnosis
Patellofemoral Syndrome - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Knee Pain with possible symptoms of 'catching'
Patellofemoral Syndrome ... pain • Palpable grinding ... patellofemoral joint with MRI ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #msk
Cushing Syndrome Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Suspected Cushing syndrome (central obesity, muscle weakness, refractory hypertension)
Testing:
Cushing Syndrome ... Testing Algorithm ... Suspected Cushing syndrome ... Hormone • MRI ... #diagnosis #algorithm
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome - Diagnosis ... cirrhosis • Intra-pulmonary ... 80mmHg or A-a gradient ... #syndrome #diagnosis
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Neurocardiogenic:
 • Vasovagal
 • Orthostatic Hypotension
 • Autonomic Neuropathy
 • Situational (micturition,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Neurocardiogenic ... Respiratory: • Pulmonary ... Contractility: • MI ... #Algorithm #causes
Right Heart Catheterization - Pulmonary Artery Pressures and Calculations
PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE = (meanPAP-PCWP) / CO
 •
Gradient, TPG, ... Gradient, DPG) ... mortality in inferior MI ... Ahmed Ghoneem, MD MSc ... artery #catheter #diagnosis
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Illness Script
HPS is a pulmonary disorder of chronic liver disease characterized by a
Hepatopulmonary ... = increased Aa gradient ... digital clubbing DIAGNOSIS ... portal HTN • Aa gradient ... #diagnosis #hepatology
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Key Components: ... murmur 3/6) - Pulmonary ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... days before Pulmonary ... stratification #diagnosis