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diagnosis differential hypokalemia sodium hypernatremia low metabolic potassium alkalosis management table treatment endocrinology hypophosphatemia nongap pathophysiology polyuria abg acid acidbase
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... perspiration Renal ... concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #nephrology #sodium
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
and Features of Hyponatremia ... syndrome - Acute ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... - Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... volume loss - diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Losses: - Diuretics ... thiazide-like diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused ... #Diuretics # ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift • Recovery From DKA • Refeeding Syndrome • Acute Respiratory
Increased Excretion - Renal ... Syndrome • Osmotic Diuresis ... • Acute Volume ... Acetazolamide and Thiazide Diuretics ... endocrinology #causes
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