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The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
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or air-filled lesions ... Emphysema - Lung cysts ... (LAM, LIP, Langerhans ... Radiology #Pulmonary #CTChest ... TractionBronchiectasis #Cysts
Low Attenuation pattern 
1. Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM): uniform cysts in woman of child-bearing age; no history of
Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM ... ): uniform cysts ... bizarre shaped cysts ... Radiology #HRCT #CTChest
On the left three different patients with lung cysts.
From left to right: Lymphangiomyomatosis, LIP and Langerhans
patients with lung cysts ... Diagnosis #Radiology #CTChest ... Cystic #Comparison #LAM
Differential diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Nodular LCH:
- Sarcoidosis: perilymphatic distribution.
- Metastases: random distribution.
Cystic LCH:
- LAM: round
Cystic LCH: - LAM ... : round cysts, evenly ... Diagnosis #Radiology #CTChest ... #Cystic #Cysts
Low Attenuation pattern (2) 
1. Centrilobular emphysema: low attenuation areas without walls. Notice the centrilobular artery
multiple thick walled cysts ... Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM ... ): regular cysts ... Radiology #HRCT #CTChest
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... proteinuria, granular casts ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm
Bone Lesion on X-Ray - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Exostotic
 • Osteochondroma
Asymptomatic &/or Non-Active Bone Scam
 •
Bone Lesion on X-Ray ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Unicameral Bone Cysts ... Aneurysmal Bone Cysts ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Pustular Skin Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pruritic / Scaly / Erythematous lesions, usually poorly demarcated
Acneiform -
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... / Erythematous lesions ... Comedones +/- nodules, cysts ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... #Causes
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm