256 results
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic hematuria ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... Diagnosis of Macroscopic ... Hematuria Important ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... #Differential #Algorithm
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Malignancy or other tumor ... - Structural - Cysts ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Confirm hematuria ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy - Casts ... Acellular Casts ... • Hyaline Casts ... variety of acute and chronic ... interpretation #diagnosis
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Proteinuria - ++++ Hematuria ... Red blood cell casts ... Proteinuria - ++ Hematuria ... Red blood cell casts ... Table #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Red ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Algorithm for diagnostic evaluation of patients with kidney cysts and polycystic kidney disease

#polycystic #kidney #disease #cysts
Algorithm for diagnostic ... patients with kidney cysts ... kidney #disease #cysts ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Causes of Chronic Pediatric Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Poor Growth
 - Non-Specific CXR
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Poor ... Abnormality • Tumor ... Scan: • Tumors ... #Algorithm #Causes