111 results
Lactic Acidosis - Classification and Differential Diagnosis
Type A Lactic Acidosis: Inadequate Oxygen Delivery
 • Anaerobic muscular
Diagnosis Type ... Hypoxemia, Anemia Type ... with underlying disease ... #Diagnosis #TypeA ... #TypeB #lactate
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
to Hyperkalemia ... obstruction _ pHA type ... I, type II - ... _ pHA type II ... #differential #
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... endocrine neoplasia type ... 1 or type 2A, familial ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular acidosis (type ... #differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Poor ... tubular acidosis (Types ... and 2, but not type ... Classification #Causes
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... Granulomatous disease ... Electrocardiogram #Differential ... #Causes #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... failure, Addison's disease ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
Distal RTA is the true Nephrogenic RTA and can be truly divided into
types. ... Type A intercalated ... (Sjogren's Syndrome ... Hypoaldosteronism (classic Type ... #differential
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... tubular acidosis (type ... tubular acidosis (types ... failure #Calculi #Types ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Proximal RTA (type ... (classic) RTA (type ... nephron dysfunction (type ... progressive kidney disease ... #diagnosis #causes