10 results
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Obstruction • Asthma ... • COPD • Bronchiectasis ... Pneumonia • ARDS • COPD ... #Dyspnea #SOB #
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Causes of Dyspnea ... Pulmonary/Chest ... Acute: Trauma, COPD ... : Asthma, COPD, ... : Tumor, Vocal cord
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Diagnosis Framework ... • Airways: - Asthma ... - COPD - Bronchiectasis ... #sob #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis
Asthma:
 • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
Asthma vs COPD Presentation ... and Diagnosis Asthma ... between attacks COPD ... #COPD #comparison ... #Diagnosis #pulmonary
Pulmonary Hypertension Groups - WHO Classification
Group I - Vascular remodeling of pulmonary arteries
 • Idiopathic, HIV,
disease causing hypoxemia ... • COPD, ILD, ... activity worsens dyspnea ... markedly limited by dyspnea ... Classification #diagnosis
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

Expiratory & Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure
Both increase intrathoracic pressure, which can decrease
In COPD, decreases ... edema) • COPD ... patients (ie., CHF or COPD ... failure (ie.. asthma ... , dyspnea NIPPV
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
- Differential Diagnosis ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... lung disease (COPD ... , OSA, Asthma, Obesity ... #Diagnosis #Summary
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
cough • Hypoxia ... • Dyspnea • Hemoptysis ... obstruction • COPD ... hypoxia • Wasting ... Physical stigmata of cor
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
consider infarction, hypoxia ... common cause of dyspnea ... Causes include asthma ... , chronic bronchitis ... , and COPD.
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
replacement Cord ... Facial swelling, dyspnea ... : fever, rash, hypoxia ... renal failure, pulmonary ... opacities, SOB,