5995 results
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
alter inflammatory cytokine ... GCA is almost never ... /Symptoms: - Fever ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
pro-inflammatory cytokines ... hemophagocytosis and cytokine ... disease • Periodic fever ... - Nonremitting fever ... Activation #Syndrome #Diagnosis
Fever vs Hyperthermia
Fever:
 • Regulated in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center
 • "Set point" raised by prostaglandin
Fever vs Hyperthermia ... Fever: • Regulated ... Endotoxins, Toxins, Cytokines ... BrighamChiefs #Fever ... Hyperthermia #comparison #diagnosis
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Definition: Overwhelming clinical syndrome associated with excessive macrophage activation and cytokine storm due to
activation and cytokine ... Presentation / Diagnosis ... Diagnosis via genetic ... following: • Fever ... Infection should be diagnosed
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Pathophysiology: • Cytokine ... Subacute-Acute: • Common: fever ... opacities • Diagnosis ... • Differential Diagnosis ... Syndrome #APML #diagnosis
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
pro-inflammatory cytokines ... Auto-amplification loop Diagnosis ... • Clinical: fever ... hemophagocytosis = additional diagnostic ... Lymphohistiocytosis #diagnosis
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical features - Classic triad (flank pain, hematuria,
Carcinoma (RCC) - Diagnosis ... night sweats, fever ... ), Recombinant cytokines ... Carcinoma #RCC #Diagnosis
Hypersensitivity Types and Their Mechanisms
Type I - lgE - Soluble antigen
 - Allergen-specific lgE antibodies bind
, seasonal hay fever ... cells secrete cytokines ... Pathophysiology #Allergy #Diagnosis
Rigors And Bacteremia - Overview

• Rigors are a response to the release of cytokines and prostaglandins
the release of cytokines ... hypothalamus → fever ... InfectiousDiseases #Diagnosis
Causes of Fever: IMADE Mnemonic
INFECTION
 • Infection 1.0 - Common & Localizing: Base Rate
 • Infection
Causes of Fever: ... carcinomas present with fever ... increased inflammtory cytockines ... with DVT/PE + fever ... Causes #IMADDE #diagnosis