35 results
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Decreased renal potassium ... Supplementation (oral ... Nephropathy Renin Normal ... , Renin High: ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... syndrome Low-normal ... Distal RTA Low-normal ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium
Rheumatoid Arthritis - 2020 ACR-EULAR Classification
≥ 6 of 10 points = definite RA
Joint Involvement:
2020 ACR-EULAR Classification ... - 2 points High ... positive RF or high ... at least 1): Normal ... CRP and normal
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Transcellular Shift ... Renal Losses: • Normal ... or High PTH: Primary ... Low PTH: - High ... ADHR, XLHR - Normal
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High ... aldosteronism • High ... Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... #causes #low #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Dialysis Serum potassium ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #hyperkalemia #potassium ... #high #diagnosis
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Bandemia Overview Normal ... Band neutrophils normally ... Left Shift: • ... Metamyelocyte (Left Shift ... with moderate and high
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
intake • poor oral ... Transcellular shift ... Algorithm #Causes #Classification
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Algorithm #causes #potassium