15 results
Algorithm for Metformin Prescribing and Dosing in CKD
Dose Initiation - Immediate release:
 • Initial 500 mg
Algorithm for Metformin ... Prescribing and Dosing ... • If Gl side effects ... #Prescribing #Dosing ... #CKD #pharmacology
Metformin - First Line Treatment for Diabetes Type 2
• Start with initial dose of 500 mg
Metformin - First ... gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects ... form and consider using ... medication #Metformin ... Indications #Titration #Pharmacology
Metformin: Biguanide
Metformin is the first-line medication for treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is very effective
Metformin: Biguanide ... Metformin is the ... point for side effects ... 2000 mg/day) and using ... #Pharmacology #
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology ... disease Common Side Effects ... Toxicities: • GI side effects ... #Pharmacology # ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology ... failure Common Side Effects ... definitively cause/effect ... DPP4 #Inhibitors #Pharmacology ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology ... Ozempic), or daily tablet ... pancreatitis Common Side Effects ... Toxicities: • Gl side effects ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
drugs include side effects ... Side effects include ... combo product with metformin ... SGLT2 #Inhibitors #Pharmacology ... DM2 #Diabetes #Endocrinology
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
15 g QD • Side Effects ... 8.4 g • Side Effects ... daily • Side Effects ... #medications #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
DPP4 Inhibitors - Normal and Renal Dosing

Increase Incretins (GLP-I & GIP) -> Stimulates Insulin, Inhibits Glucagon
Normal and Renal Dosing ... titrate up to effects ... only few side effects ... #Pharmacology # ... Diabetes #DM2 #Endocrinology
Clinically Significant Cardiovascular Drug-Drug Interactions With OTC Supplements and Herbal Products
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)
 • Night-blooming
cereus - Increases effects ... Decreases the effects ... Bilberry, Danshen, Dong ... supplementals #herbal #pharmacology ... #DDI #table #cardiology