397 results
Side Effects of the Neobladder - Pathophysiology
 • Hercalciuria → Kidney Stones
 • Bone Resorption →
Hercalciuria → Kidney ... Fluid Shifts → Dehydration ... burden on liver and kidnevs
Urine Specific Gravity - Interpretation
Specific Gravity = Density of urine / Density of water
SG close to
: • Excessive hydration ... 1.010: • Advanced kidney ... close to 1.035: • Dehydration
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute Kidney ... Blood loss • Dehydration ... Diagnosis #Acute #Kidney
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Prerenal:
 • Due to true volume loss or decreased
Acute Kidney Injury ... • Hypovolemia: Dehydration ... Cellular debris • Kidney ... LouLectures #Acute #Kidney
Medications causing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration: Diuretics
 • Altered intrarenal autoregulation: ACEIs / ARBs,
causing Acute Kidney ... ) Prerenal: • Dehydration ... #AKI #Acute #Kidney
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... Classification Prerenal: • Dehydration ... #AKI #Acute #Kidney
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
can be seen in dehydration ... acute and chronic kidney
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
in the heat - Dehydration ... involvement: Muscles, Kidneys ... Extreme weakness - Dehydration ... Profuse sweating, Dehydration
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
Salicylate poisoning, dehydration ... ketoacidosis • Severe kidney
NSAID vs ACEI/ARB effects on the Kidneys

Remember that NSAIDs and ACEI/ARB therapy have opposing effects on
effects on the Kidneys ... effects on the kidneys ... contribute to kidney ... patients with normal kidney ... used for their kidney