14 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Differential Diagnosis ... Cirrhosis - Nephrotic ... syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... - Diuretics
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Renal Failure, ... Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... syndrome - ... , Medications (diuretics ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... • Diagnosis of ... syndromeHyponatremia ... • Hypercalcemia ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Diagnosis Algorithm ... GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm