31 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... failure • Chronic ... #Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis ... #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Renal artery stenosis ... #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Loss of HCO3 - Diarrhea ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
acidosis • Chronic ... D-lactic acidosis • Chronic ... of sodium and potassium ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential ... Malabsorption, Chronic ... diarrhea, Poor ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Diarrhea B. ... Potassium-sparing ... #Acidosis #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Diagnosis: Causes ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Summary #Nephrology