23 results
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic Diuretics ... mannitol) 3) Loop Diuretics ... HCTZ) 5) Potassium-sparing ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic ... Panel A, loop diuretics ... shown in Panel C, diuretics ... binding to sodium–potassium–chloride ... #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Urinary Losses - Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... nephrology #low #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Urine Cl - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... #differential #algorithm
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology