12 results
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
AKI) What to ask ... /Cr - Renal/bladder ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... pre-renal) - Urinary ... Atheroemboli — 1% #AcuteKidneyInjury
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
Infections: Complications ... extends above the bladder ... urea which may cause ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Complications
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... decompression • Diverticulum ... Urethritis • Urethral diverticulum ... Upper and Lower urinary
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
BPH, urethral or bladder ... mellitus -> Bladder ... Incr PVR if a complication ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology
Increased Urinary Frequency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Non-increased urine volume (<2mL/min), Rule out polyuria
Extrinsic to Urinary Tract:
Vulvovaginitis • Bladder ... Small Volume Bladder ... • Overactive Bladder ... • Diabetes • MS ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... reflexes) • Urinary ... • As soon as bladder ... #pathophysiology
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Upper Urinary Tract ... obstruction, neurogenic bladder ... , urinary reflux ... lower tract: As a complication ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Musculoskeletal #Complications ... #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused ... changes and may cause ... severe clinical complications ... deficiency • Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
, and bowel or bladder ... 10-33% develop MS ... monophasic Pathophysiology ... Autonomic: Bowel/Bladder ... • Infectious causes