16 results
Increased Urinary Frequency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Non-increased urine volume (<2mL/min), Rule out polyuria
Extrinsic to Urinary Tract:
Frequency - Differential ... Small Volume Bladder ... • Diabetes • MS ... #Frequency #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
AKI) What to ask ... /Cr - Renal/bladder ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... pre-renal) - Urinary ... Atheroemboli — 1% #AcuteKidneyInjury
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
BPH, urethral or bladder ... mellitus -> Bladder ... Failure to Store - Frequency ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... Upper Tract - Bladder ... ultrasound, Urgency, frequency ... , nocturia - Bladder ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... decompression • Diverticulum ... Urethritis • Urethral diverticulum ... Upper and Lower urinary
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
Lower Urinary Tract ... obstruction, neurogenic bladder ... : Infection of bladder ... incontinence - Frequency ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
RF: neurogenic bladder ... , urinary tract ... frequency, urinary ... Pathophysiology: ... producing gas in bladder
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
Lower Urinary Tract ... deposition -> Urinary ... extends above the bladder ... urea which may cause ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... reflexes) • Urinary ... • As soon as bladder ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... of Water: • Primary ... Mimics (↑ urine frequency ... "overactive bladder ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes