7 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
hypernatremia - CHF ... Cirrhosis - Nephrotic ... syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... #Table #Causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... broad - Advanced kidney ... Differential #Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #nephrology #causes
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... and chronic kidney ... suggestive of nephrotic ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... stones caused by ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Table
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
status and low urine ... forward flow to the kidneys ... the determined cause ... #heartfailure #chf ... icu #clinical #pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Na delivery): CHF ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table