8 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
: Red/Dark urine ... can induce color ... Causes of Hematuria ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
→ Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified ... Algorithm #Workup #urology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... Color Red ... Conditions: blue diaper ... Uric acid crystals ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... Urine Color - Differential ... : • Hematuria, ... : • Hematuria, ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
sediment and color ... Microscopic exam • Crystals ... used with normal renal ... #Urinalysis #crystals ... #hematuria
Approach to Microscopic Hematuria 

Microscopic hematuria is often incidental but may be associated with urologic malignancy.
RBC's, cellular casts ... properly collected urine ... with cystoscopy & renal ... Microscopic #diagnosis #management ... #urology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
hyperreactivity • Urologic ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... by Ca2+ crystals ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
tourniquet / IVF line draw ... lysis) ± Urine ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology