28 results
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Kidney Injury (AKI ... dialysis indication (e.g ... require urgent nephrology ... Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Kidney Injury AKI ... vasoconstriction (e.g ... #causes #Acute ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
39 C this is a clinical ... Surgical devices, e.g ... Sepsis (→ 3-14) e.g ... malignant syndrome (e.g ... hyperthermia crisis (late sign
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam
A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
Caused commonly ... by: - drugs (e.g ... neurodegenerative disorders (eg ... #PhysicalExam #clinical ... #neurology #posture
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Acellular Casts ... • Hyaline Casts ... colored compounds (e.g ... heme, bilirubin, etc ... Urine #Microscopy #nephrology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Optica (NMO) - Clinical ... brainstem syndromes (e.g ... AQP4-lgG disease; e.g ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Radiographic findings (eg ... Laboratory findings (eg ... VEP’s: EEG of visual ... stimulation Clinical ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... hypertension (eg ... renal bruit or signs
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Herpes, Coxsackie, etc ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... + myoglobin AKI ... #treatment #nephrology