64 results
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Infiltrative disorders (e.g ... Malignancy - CNS ... - Medications (e.g ... renal diseases (e.g ... #Table #Causes
Torsades de Pointes
• "Twisting of the pointes" 
• QRS axis swings from positive to negative direction
that prolong the QT ... Hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia ... TorsadesDePointes #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology #ECG ... #EKG
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... repolarization causes ... prolonged PR and QT ... #Diagnosis #Hyperkalemia ... #EKG #ECG #Changes
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... - Differential Diagnosis ... vasoconstriction (e.g ... AIN) • Drugs (e.g ... #nephrology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
CNS: parietal ... • Infection (e.g ... Brain lesions (e.g ... Wonderland #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #neurology #differential
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
metastases, Infection (e.g ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... disease, Drugs (e.g ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
dialysis indication (e.g ... require urgent nephrology ... Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g ... isotonic fluids (NS ... #nephrology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
CNS Manifestations ... Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical ... autoantibodies that will cause ... Lumbar Puncture, EEG ... #neurology #rheumatology
Causes of Anemia with Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Heme Synthesis or
- Differential Diagnosis ... Iron Deficiency (Eg ... Other • e.g ... HgbE, HgbC, etc. ... #Hematology