26 results
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... repolarization; changes ... prolonged PR and QT ... #EKG #ECG #Changes ... #Progression #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hormonal changes ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hormonal changes ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
): • Pattern change ... papilledema • Horner syndrome ... (e.g., fever, myalgia ... CNS infection (e.g ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... hypertension and signs ... hypertension (eg ... renal bruit or signs
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Liver Failure • Hypercalcemia ... Pulmonary Disease Neurologic ... • Drug Abuse (e.g ... Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... • Minimal change ... Protein deposition (eg
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... • Low EABV (e.g ... ., CHF, cirrhosis ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Causes
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... tinnitus, visual changes ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... unless worrisome EKG