71 results
Torsades de Pointes 
•Precipitated by drugs that prolong the QT interval 
•Class IA antidysrhythmics (procainamide, quinidine)
Precipitated by drugs ... that prolong the QT ... hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Cardiology #ECG ... #EKG
Compelling and Possible Contraindications to Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics (thiazides)
 - Gout
 - Metabolic syndrome, Glucose intolerance, Pregnancy,
Antihypertensive Drugs ... failure - Co-medication ... (e.g. statins, ... antihypertensive #medications ... contraindications #table
Torsades de Pointes
• "Twisting of the pointes" 
• QRS axis swings from positive to negative direction
precipitated by drugs ... that prolong the QT ... Hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Cardiology #ECG ... #EKG
Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diet/Lifestyle
 • Fibre
 • Calories
 • Fluid
 • Exercise
 • Psychosocial
Medications
 •
Psychosocial Medications ... (e.g. ... Cation Related (e.g ... Anticholinergic (e.g ... • Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia management algorithm 2023-2024 based on UKKA and KDIGO guidelines.

#hyperkalemia #electrolytes #algorithm #emergency #management

Notes:

(1) Up to
Hyperkalemia management ... #management ... have a normal ECG ... A normal ECG doesn't ... potassium lowering drug
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Infiltrative disorders (e.g ... in kidneys) - Medications ... (e.g. lithium, ... renal diseases (e.g ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemias (e.g ... MEN) Drug Side ... Bone Resorption (e.g ... 1,25-(OH)2D3 (e.g ... Calcium Intake (e.g
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... prolonged PR and QT ... #Diagnosis #Hyperkalemia ... #EKG #ECG #Changes ... #Progression #Table
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm ... of information (e.g ... duration), Several medications ... vascular disorder (e.g ... Injury #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults
Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach
 •
Emergency Management ... of Hyperkalemia ... clinical scenario, ECG ... recurrence #Hyperkalemia ... #management #algorithm