36 results
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... - Malignancy (e.g ... pathology (e.g. ... Diagnosis #Table
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Differential ... (e.g. sarcoidosis ... - Medications (e.g ... renal diseases (e.g ... Diagnosis #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Nephrology #Differential
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
• Infection (e.g ... Brain lesions (e.g ... • Psychiatric disorders ... #diagnosis #neurology ... #differential
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam
A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
by: - drugs (e.g ... neurodegenerative disorders ... (eg Parkinson, ... #PhysicalExam #clinical ... #neurology #posture
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
polyneuropathy (e.g ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Testing #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Optica (NMO) - Clinical ... (e.g. oculomotor ... AQP4-lgG disease; e.g ... Comorbid autoimmune disorders ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... Non-neuromuscular disorder ... (Cardiac, pulmonary ... etc) • CNS -> ... electromyographic (EMG
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue - Differential ... Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary ... • Drug Abuse (e.g ... • Somatization Disorder ... Chronic Fatigue Syndrome