27 results
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... colored compounds (e.g ... heme, bilirubin, etc ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #diagnosis
Summary of Coagulation Deficiencies
Inherited:
 • Hemophilia A - Deficiency of Factor VIII
 • Hemophilia B -
Malabsorption (e.g ... warfarin, DOACs (e.g ... Autoimmune disorders (e.g ... #comparison #diagnosis ... #hematology #deficiency
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
dialysis indication (e.g ... Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Autoantibodies and their Disease Associations
ANA - Non-specific; common in SLE, autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-CCP, Rheumatoid factor - RA
Anti-dsDNA
- Vasculitis, e.g ... - Vasculitis, e.g ... Microscopic polyangiitis ... Associations #diseases #diagnosis ... #table #rheumatology
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... urease-producing organisms (e.g ... acidic urine - Diagnostic ... #Crystals #comparison ... #table #urinalysis
Main types of autoimmune encephalitis in the ICU. 
Anti-NMDAR anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, ADEM acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Anti-GFAP
resonance imaging, EEG ... #encephalitis #comparison ... #table #neurology ... #diagnosis
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis ... of information (e.g ... non-essential drug/HDS treatments ... vascular disorder (e.g ... #Algorithm #hepatology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Chemotherapy (e.g ... Liver disease, Etc ... valve induced, Etc ... #differential #diagnosis ... #hematology #microscopy
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hemophilia - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis:
 • Consistent bleeding history (unless screening for disease in family members
normal in mild cases ... hemophilia type (e.g ... by a hemophilia treatment ... #Management #treatment ... #hematology