14 results
Thiazide induced Hyponatremia - Pathophysiology
 • Reduced distal delivery
 • Inhibition of the NCC (dilution capcity)-
Thiazide induced Hyponatremia ... - Pathophysiology ... Inhibition of the NCC ... #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #differential
Liver Enzymes (LFTs) - Causes of Hepatocellular and Cholestatic Liver Injury
Hepatocellular Liver Injury
 • AST/ALT elevation
Liver Enzymes (LFTs ... • R value = (ALT ... #Enzymes #LFTs ... Transaminitis #diagnosis ... #differential #
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... Tests - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Burak @kwburak #LFTs ... Transaminitis #Algorithm #diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... Evaluation of Hyponatremia ... history (cardiac, liver ... #EM #IM #Nephro ... #Hyponatremia #
Diagnosis and Management of Idiosyncratic Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI)

DILI Types:
 • Intrinsic - predictable, dose dependent
Diagnosis and Management ... Chronic - ongoing ↑ LFTs ... Calculate R-Value ... Idiosyncratic #differential ... #Diagnosis #Management
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bile Ducts • PSC ... • Others #LFTs
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... HELLP - Grafts, Valves ... Drug-associated, PCH ... Defects, Drugs, Liver
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Interpretation of LFTs ... R-value: Serum ... #chemistry #diagnosis ... #differential # ... transaminitis #LFTs
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Pathophysiology ... cholestasis → Cirrhosis/Liver ... Diagnosis: • ... or higher • Liver ... bile ducts Differential
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
Arterial Thrombosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Syndrome, Ischemic Liver ... from prosthetic valves ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology