16 results
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
, Liver disease, ... spherocytosis, Autoimmune ... Agglutinate: Cold autoimmune ... #Morphology #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
HELLP - Grafts, Valves ... Membrane): - Autoimmune ... Defects, Drugs, Liver ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
- Differential ... - Extrinsic: Autoimmune ... Non-megaloblastic: Liver ... disease, Alcoholism ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular - Liver Parenchyma
 • Infectious: Hepatitis C, A,
Injury - Differential ... Other: NAFLD, Autoimmune ... Malignancy, 1° PBC ... #Injury #Differential ... Acute #algorithm #hepatology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
- Differential ... • Autoimmune: ... Autoimmune hepatitis ... , PBC, PSC, IgG4 ... stone, Malignancy, PBC
Autoantibodies and their Disease Associations
ANA - Non-specific; common in SLE, autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-CCP, Rheumatoid factor - RA
Anti-dsDNA
common in SLE, autoimmune ... Dermatomyositis Anti-LKM (liver ... microsomal) - Autoimmune ... biliary cirrhosis (PBC ... Endomyseal antibody (EMA
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
elliptocytosis - RBC ... Cold AIHA • PCH ... immune-complex hemolytic anemia ... Prosthetic heart valves ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Normal: < 1% Clinically ... Corticosteroid use • Autoimmune ... diseases • Chemotherapy ... appreciate the value ... #CBC #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Viral infection, autoimmune ... Viral Infection Clinical ... Blood smear - RBC ... pts) Differential ... #hematology #diagnosis
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
Autoimmune Hepatitis ... from subclinical disease ... to acute liver ... hepatocellular pattern of liver ... reported (eg AIH-PBC