102 results
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases
Nail Fold Abnormality
 • SLE
 • Scleroderma
 • Dermatomyositis
Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
Disorders secondary to Systemic ... Iron deficiency anemia ... halt nail growth (e.g ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #Secondary #dermatology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Toxic Damage (e.g ... Displacement (e.g ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... Foreign Surface (e.g
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
(usually IgG) (e.g ... (usually IgM) (e.g ... deficiencies (e.g ... Membrane defects (e.g ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Megaloblastic Anemia ... Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... (e.g. ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... Smear #Analysis #hematology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
- Congenital (e.g ... HHT), Acquired (e.g ... ) Cirrhosis - Systemic ... Wet Beriberi - Systemic ... Metabolism Severe Anemia
Causes of Splenomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Infectious
 • Bacterial
 • Viral (EBV)
 • Parasitic
 • Fungal
Congestive
• Thrombus (e.g ... Myeloproliferative disorders (eg ... Inflammatory • Systemic ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
Index < 2: • Anemia ... infiltration (e.g ... Marrow suppression (e.g ... Intrinsic RBC defects (e.g ... Production #Index #hematology
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Causes of Anemia ... • Secondary (e.g ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias ... #Normocytic #Anemia ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Autoimmune Diseases: • Systemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis):
 • Acute infection
 • Solid organ
malignancies • Anemia ... inflammatory disorders (e.g ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Causes #hematology