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diagnosis differential causes algorithm management atlas blood disorders elevatedmcv macrocytosis mcv microscopy morphology nutrition oncology rbc rheumatology secondary systemic thrombocytopenia
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
80 fL) • Iron Deficiency ... 80-100 fL) • Bleeding ... Chronic Disease (e.g ... • Folate Deficiency ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Toxic Damage (e.g ... Displacement (e.g ... Foreign Surface (e.g ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Microcytic - Iron-deficiency ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Liver diseases, Bleeding ... Hemolytic uremic syndrome ... #differential #hematology
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis Hypochromia Megaloblastic Anemia Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS) Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Sickled red
Megaloblastic Anemia ... (e.g. ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... Bite cells: G6PD deficiency ... Smear #Analysis #hematology
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS": • Thalassemia
inflammation) • Iron deficiency ... Megaloblastic: Folate deficiency ... , B12 deficiency ... aciduria, Drugs (e.g ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
(usually IgG) (e.g ... (usually IgM) (e.g ... deficiencies (e.g ... G6PD deficiency) ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Bleeding / Bruising - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Thrombocytopenia - Quantitative Defect • Decreased Production •
Causes of Bleeding ... Rare • Drugs (e.g ... • Factor VIII Deficiency ... Coagulation #Bleeding ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Blood Smear •
• Dietary Deficiency ... Increased Requirement (e.g ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... B12 and Folate Deficiency ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection • Solid organ
malignancies • Anemia ... specifically: iron deficiency ... inflammatory disorders (e.g ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Causes #hematology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor The maturation factor is
infiltration (e.g ... Marrow suppression (e.g ... Intrinsic RBC defects (e.g ... , G6PD deficiency ... Production #Index #hematology
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