13 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Nephritis When ... tubular proteinuria, granular ... sediment • Received ... #Interstitial #Nephritis ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... Granular - May ... in acute tubular ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
Urine Microscopy ... “urine poker quads ... #Casts #Urine # ... Microscopy #Clinical ... #Nephrology #Sediment
Lupus Nephritis - Diagnostic approach to kidney disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
SLE patient develops
Lupus Nephritis ... > 500 mg/d • Nephritic ... urine sediment ... 5%) #Lupus #Nephritis ... #sle #nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... suggestive of nephrotic ... ) • Granular Casts ... #nephrology #interpretation
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... blood cells on urine ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
tubular cells - Acute ... renal disease • Granular ... ” - Necrotic tubular ... protein indicating acute ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... microscopy / urinary sediment ... investigations depending on clinical ... • Interstitial nephritis ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
cell/white cell casts ... clusters because nephritic ... urine sediment ... #proteinuria #nephrotic ... #syndrome #nephrology