10 results
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Fanconi's syndrome ... sediment - WBC/ ... RBC casts ... nephropathy • HTN ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
hematuria: - RBC casts ... • Malignant HTN ... causes #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine # ... blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... Investigations: full blood ... microscopy / urinary sediment ... investigations depending on clinical ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... Sediment (dysmorphic ... RBC, RBC casts, ... nephritis, malignant HTN ... #diagnosis #renal
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
based on repeat clinic ... visits, Ambulatory blood ... Consider secondary HTN ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... #Secondary #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Diagnosis and Workup Blood ... Elevated Renin Urine ... excretion of Cl > 0.5% Clinical ... #Workup #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... tubule (DCT) Clinical ... Normal or low blood ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... #nephrology #management
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... content [85].2>5 red blood ... cell/white cell casts ... sediment may or ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Weakness - Dark urine ... UA positive for blood ... Cast formation: ... causes #treatment #nephrology