1622 results
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Differential Diagnosis Excess ... Large volume IVF Excess ... diuresis): • Excess ... diuretics • Excess ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Hypernatremia - Excess ... consciousness • No access ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
thirst, Lack of access ... Hypervolemic (Excess ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
mineralocorticoid excess ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
losses, Diuretic excess ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Serum phosphate level >4.5 mg/dL
 • Spurious hyperphosphatemia
 • True
hyperphosphatemia • Excess ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
also look for excess ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Mineralocorticoid Excess ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Correction
1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings
   - typically occurs with
hr - not to exceed ... rate #management #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
mineralocorticoid excess ... differential #potassium #nephrology