1565 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
diabetes insipidus Excessive ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Urine Specific Gravity - Interpretation
Specific Gravity = Density of urine / Density of water
SG close to
close to 1.001: • Excessive ... #differential #nephrology
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
• Exogenous: Excessive ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
dominant (or rarely recessive ... gene, Autosomal: recessive ... characterized by excessive ... Classification #Types #Nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Deprivation Test - Excessive ... #Polyuria #Nephrology
Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Red Urine:
 • Medical conditions: bleeding, porphyria, factitious disorder
 • Meds: rifampin,
rifampin • Foods: excessive ... discoloration #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Present (Uosm <100): Excessive ... table #sodium #nephrology
Pruritus Treatment Algorithm for Hemodialysis Patients 

Non-PharmacoIogicaI Measures 
 • Use gentle soap e.g. Dove
dirty) • Avoid excessive ... Uremia #Management #Nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
RDI - Avoid excessive ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Licorice ingestion, Excessive ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology